Although Frictional Games describes Penumbra: Overture as a firstperson adventure, the game blends the genres of survival horror, firstperson shooter, and adventure. The use of Newton Game Dynamics emphasizes physicsbased puzzles as well as physicsbased combat.
The game also takes advantage of advanced artificial intelligence to respond realistically to noises and light, creating stealthbased gameplay.

There are no firearms in the game, so during combat the player is limited to improvised melee fighting with a pickaxe, or throwing objects at attacking creatures. The game is designed to emphasize stealth and avoidance over direct conflict. For example, Philip can close doors behind him to temporarily hold off attacking enemies.

The games main focus is on exploration and classic adventure game object interaction: examining and collecting objects and using them to solve puzzles.